Hip Fracture

Hip Fracture is a break in the upper portion of the femur (thigh bone) near the hip joint. It is a serious injury, especially common in older adults, often resulting from falls or trauma. In younger individuals, it usually occurs due to high-impact injuries like car accidents.Types of Hip Fractures:Femoral Neck Fracture: Occurs just below the ball of the ball-and-socket hip joint.Intertrochanteric Fracture: Occurs further down the femur, between the neck and the shaft of the bone.Subtrochanteric Fracture: A rare break below the intertrochanteric region.Symptoms:Severe pain in the hip or groin.Inability to bear weight on the leg.Stiffness, swelling, or bruising around the hip.The affected leg may appear shorter or rotated outward.Causes and Risk Factors:Falls in older adults, often due to weakened bones from osteoporosis.High-impact trauma in younger individuals.Risk factors include advanced age, reduced bone density, sedentary lifestyle, and chronic medical conditions.Diagnosis:Physical examination.Imaging tests like X-rays or CT/MRI scans to confirm the type and extent of the fracture.Treatment Options:Non-Surgical:Rarely an option, primarily for patients unfit for surgery. Includes bed rest, pain management, and physical therapy.Surgical:The main treatment for most hip fractures:Internal Fixation: Using metal screws, plates, or rods to stabilize the bone, often for less severe fractures.Hemiarthroplasty: Replacement of the femoral head with a prosthetic, typically for femoral neck fractures.Total Hip Replacement: Replacing both the femoral head and the socket, recommended for severe fractures or pre-existing joint disease.Rehabilitation:Physical therapy to regain strength, mobility, and balance.Occupational therapy to assist with daily activities and prevent future falls.Medications:Pain relief medications.Bisphosphonates or other osteoporosis treatments to strengthen bones.Lifestyle Changes:Fall prevention strategies (e.g., removing tripping hazards, using assistive devices).Nutrition focused on calcium and vitamin D to promote bone health.Prompt treatment is essential to prevent complications like blood clots, infections, and loss of mobility.