Bursitis

Bursitis is the inflammation of a bursa, a small, fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between bones, tendons, muscles, or skin to reduce friction and allow smooth movement. Bursitis commonly occurs in joints that perform repetitive motions, such as the shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, and ankles.

The symptoms of bursitis can include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Localized pain that may be sharp or achy, often worsened by movement or pressure.
• Swelling, redness, or warmth in the affected area.
• Stiffness or difficulty moving the joint.
• Tenderness when pressing on the area.

The causes of bursitis may be one of the following:

• Repetitive motions or prolonged pressure (e.g., kneeling, lifting).
• Trauma or injury to the joint.
• Infections, especially in septic bursitis.
• Underlying conditions like arthritis, gout, or diabetes.

Diagnosis:

• Physical examination of the affected joint.
• Imaging tests like X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI to rule out other issues.
• Fluid aspiration (if infection is suspected) for laboratory analysis.

Treatment Options:

1. Non-Surgical:

• Rest: Avoid activities that exacerbate symptoms.
• Ice Therapy: Apply ice packs to reduce swelling and pain.
• Compression and Elevation: Use of wraps or bandages to support the joint.
• Medications:

• Over-the-counter NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen or naproxen) to manage pain and inflammation.
• Corticosteroid injections for more severe or persistent cases.

2. Physical Therapy:

• Gentle exercises to strengthen surrounding muscles and improve joint stability.
• Stretching to maintain flexibility and prevent stiffness.

3. Lifestyle Adjustments:

• Using protective padding or ergonomic tools to reduce joint stress.
• Modifying repetitive motions or postures.

4. Surgival Intervention:

• Rarely needed unless the condition is chronic, severely impairing mobility, or caused by infection (septic bursitis). Surgery involves drainage or removal of the bursa.

Most cases of bursitis resolve with conservative treatment, but chronic or severe cases may require more intensive interventions.